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Silica sand, also known as industrial sand or quartz sand, is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂). It is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth and is recognized for its high silica content, typically exceeding 95%. The sand is white or colorless in pure form but may appear brown, pink, or gray due to impurities like iron oxide or clay. Due to its hardness, chemical stability, and high melting point, silica sand is widely used in a variety of industrial applications. It is a key raw material in glass manufacturing, foundry casting, and construction (especially for concrete and mortar). In the oil and gas industry, it serves as a proppant in hydraulic fracturing. Silica sand is also used in water filtration, ceramics, paints, and abrasives. Quality and particle size are crucial for determining its suitability in different applications. High-purity silica sand, with minimal contaminants, is especially valuable for glassmaking and electronics. The sand is usually mined from open pits and then processed through washing, drying, and grading. Environmental and health considerations, including the risk of silicosis from inhaling fine particles, have led to increased regulation of its mining and handling.
